India’s digital public infrastructure transformed services like payments and identity. The next step, the article argues, is to build similar shared infrastructure for artificial intelligence. Trusted data, interoperable platforms, governance, and AI-ready talent could help India move beyond AI pilots and unlock more than $500 billion in economic value by 2030.
India’s AI conversation is increasingly focused on models, agents, and applications. Yet the bigger question may be whether India can do for artificial intelligence what it did for digital payments. Over the past decade, India built some of the world’s most successful digital public platforms, connecting more than a billion citizens, millions of businesses, and entire industries through shared digital infrastructure. Platforms such as Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker, Account Aggregator, ONDC, and the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission have demonstrated how common digital rails can unlock innovation.
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